Primarily useful for coastal restoration projects.

This is a protected plant as it is of major importance to the stabilization of beach dunes. Specimen plant. Mass plantings on beach dunes for stabilization. Seed heads useful in dried arrangements.

This is a wetland plant. It is rarely grown, but it has potential in appropriate sites. Specimen plant or background screen for wet places.

Hedges, screens.

Edible, very hot fruits

Called elephant's foot because of the flat basal leaf formation. Meadows and wildflower gardens.

Groundcover in moist areas. Can be mowed.