Plant as a small understory tree. Good as a general background plant that is appropriate to wildlife. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Considertions, It's dioecious; so make sure you have at least one male plant in the vicinity to produce berries on the females. , Wildlife, Fruits are eaten by birds and small mammals. , Habitat, Dry hammocks, sandhills, scrub, dunes. , Did You Know?, Showy fruits Bees pollinate flowers.

Groundcover or border plant in shady areas. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Considertions, It reseeds easily and can expand aggressively. , Wildlife, Birds and other wildlife consume seed. , Habitat, Dry-moist sites. Bluffs, floodplains, wet hammocks. , Did You Know?, Showy fruits Larval host for pepper and salt skipper (Amblyscirtes hegon), common roadside skipper (Amblyscirtes vialis), and Bell's roadside skipper

In a wildflower garden or meadow, because it's noticeable only when flowering. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Habitat, Disturbed areas , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Larval host to the Buckeye butterfly, Junonia coernia. Nectar source for bumblebees and other long tongue bees, butterflies and skipper

Large shade tree. Plant where falling/fallen nuts will not be a problem. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Considertions, Plant where nut and leaf litter will not be a problem. , Wildlife, Small mammals (squirrels and other rodents) consume nuts. , Habitat, Dry hammocks, dry hardwood forests , Did You Know?, Fall color Larval host for many moths including; luna moth (Actias luna), hickory leafroller moth (Argyrotaenia juglandana), royal walnut moth (Cithe

Range includes most of eastern and central north Ameria west to the prairie region and north into southeastern Canada.  The southern range limit is in , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Habitat, Rich woods, calcareous hammocks (in FL) but frequently in acid soils elsewhere. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Attracts butterflies and bees -- only butterflies and long-tongued bees can reach the nectar but other insects are attracted to the flo

Shade tree. Also good for hedge rows. , Tolerance, Tolerant of occasional/brief inundation such as can occur in storm surges. Moderate. Tolerant of salty wind and may get some salt spray. Exposure t , Habitat, Dry sites. Hammocks, somewhat shady areas near the coast. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Showy fruits Larval host for cassius blue (Leptotes cassius) and hammock skipper (Polygonus leo) butterflies. Attracts bee pollinators

Hedge in wet sites, pond borders. Good for a small thicket. Grow as a small tree or large shrub. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Some tolerance to salty wind but not direct salt spray. , Wildlife, Browsed by deer. , Habitat, Hydric flatwoods, seep swamps, sloughs, stream banks, bogs, wiregrass savannas. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Attracts bees (https://flawildflowers.org/).

Occurs along inland edges of salt marshes where it must tolerate at least periodic inundation by seawater.  Locations likely do not have high exposure , Tolerance, Tolerant of occasional/brief inundation such as can occur in storm surges. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Attracts insects, especially bees.

Invasive in many parts of the world.  It is either a blessing or a pest in Florida depending on where it is. Good addition to a freedom lawn. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Considertions, Will spread. , Habitat, Disturbed areas , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Nectar attracts bees, butterflies and flies.

In natural settings, benefits from fire. Bog gardens. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Habitat, Bogs, savannas, seep slopes, seepy edges of marshes and wet prairies, seepy roadside swales. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Showy fruits, Interesting foliage Pollinated by bees

The range of this species is primarily the coastal plain from Texas to North Carolina. A second subspecies (subsp. greenmanii) occurs in the Florida P , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Unknown , Considertions, All parts of this plant are poisonous if ingested.  Bruised leaves may produce a rash on bare skin , Habitat, Marshes, wet flatwoods, wet prairies, seepage slopes, edges of cypress wetlands, ditches , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Host plant for black swallowtail. Attracts generalist pollinators.

This is a Florida endemic associated with dunes and scrub, both ancient and modern. Small specimen or border plant. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Wildlife, Fruit is eaten by birds and other animals. , Habitat, Scrub, high pine with reduced fire frequencies, scrubby flatwoods. , Did You Know?, Interesting foliage Flowers attract pollinators. Documented bee visitors include Agapostelnon splendens, Azcgochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis anonym

May be annual or perennial depending on weather. Moist wildflower gardens , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Considertions, All beggarticks have fruits that will attach themselves to clothing or get stuck in animal fur. Generally not problematic for this species , Habitat, Swamps and marshes, typically in areas that are near edges , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Attracts  bees and butterflies.  Bees include Agapostemon splendens, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, A. gratiosa, Augochloropsis

Rarely planted and hence likely to be difficult to acquire. This sprawling vine has the potential to be used as a groundcover. It also could be trai , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Habitat, Dry, sandy ruderal sites, dry flatwoods, sandhill, relatively open xeric to dry mesic hammocks. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Attracts bees including Halictus ligatus, Nolnia maneei, Megachile exilis parexilis, M. georgica, M. rnendica and M. petzclans (Deyrup

Foliage may be fragrant. Listed as Threatened by the state of Florida.  Please acquire only from reputable suppliers with appropriate permits and lice , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Moderate. Tolerant of salty wind and may get some salt spray. Exposure to salt spray wo , Considertions, Plants tend to have many stems, but can be pruned to a single trunk. , Wildlife, Birds and consume the fruit. Provides cover. , Habitat, Coastal hammocks. , Did You Know?, Aroma, fragrance, Showy fruits, Interesting foliage

In the natural environment, this species benefits from periodic fire. Very difficult to see except when in bloom. Retain if present. Could be grown a , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Considertions, Rarely grown as difficult to find seeds or bulbs and seedlings are subject to fungal diseases. , Habitat, Mesic flatwoods, wet prairie, wet flatwoods, open seepage areas such as cutthroat seeps. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers Attracts butterflies including swallowtails. Reported possible pollinators include spicebush swallowwtail, cloudless sulfur (Phoebis se

Specimen or hedge plant. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Some tolerance to salty wind but not direct salt spray. , Wildlife, Birds and other animals use the fruits , Habitat, Tropocal hammocks, pine flatwoods. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Showy fruits, Interesting foliage Attracts bees and wasps, some flies, and other pollinators.

Typically grown in the background of a wildflower garden as its tall flower stalks are only visible in fall. The remainder of the year is looks like a , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Considertions, In the landscape will need annual cutting back. , Habitat, Dry-moist sites. Flatwoods, secondary pinelands, sandhill. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Showy fruits Larval host for "grass skippers" including swarthy skipper (Nastra lherminier), Delaware skipper (Anatrytone arogos), Euf

Primarily useful for coastal restoration projects. , Tolerance, Tolerant of frequent or regular inundation (usually areas with tidal inundation) High. Can tolerate significant and ongoing amounts of salty wind and , Wildlife, Attracts birds.  Nesting and resting habitat. , Habitat, Salt marshes, dunes. , Did You Know?, Interesting foliage

In nature, this grows in habitats with frequent fire.  In the garden, it will grow best if you remove built-up thatch (or burn it once every few years , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Habitat, Flatwoods, sandhills. , Did You Know?, Showy flowers, Showy fruits, Interesting foliage

Climbs by twining. Train on a fence or arbor, allow to climb trees. Can be used as a groundcover but does not bloom well with that use. , Tolerance, Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray , Wildlife, Attracts hummingbirds.  Birds attracted to the fruits include warblers, grosbeaks, cardinals, mockinbirds, titmice, chickadees, and thrashers. , Habitat, Mesic to xeric hardwood forests and upland mixed forests, secondary woods, bluffs, floodplains, flatwoods, ruderal. , Did You Know?, Aroma, fragrance, Showy flowers, Interesting foliage Flowers attract bees and butterflies.  Bees include Habropoda laboriosa, Bornbus griseocollis, B